Publications
Journal Article
The Brazil, Russia, India China and South Africa (BRICS) group has emerged as a collection of large economies which are outside the traditional groups of industrialised “first world” economies and which have altered the global distribution of economic power. The basis of their emergence is a combination of their size and growth rates, and the fact that they lie outside the established centres...
This paper develops and applies a concept of modes of innovation to the issue of economic development and the integration of African economies. This concept, which is located in the systems of innovation approach to economic dynamics, is first developed in the context of the development of capitalism. It is then applied to the evolution of African systems of innovation over three periods...
This paper develops and applies a concept of modes of innovation to the issue of economic development and the integration of African economies. This concept, which is located in the systems of innovation approach to economic dynamics, is first developed in the context of the development of capitalism. It is then applied to the evolution of African systems of innovation over three periods...
In this paper I examine the possible modes of introducing a Systems of Innovation (SI) approach into economics curricula. I look at the various possible choices of coupling this approach with standard economic curricula and then explore the implications of these various choices. I link this argument with current heterodox debates on the relevance of the neoclassical text and the...
This paper explores possible reasons for the long and enduring dominance of neoclassical theory over the undergraduate microeconomics textbook. It proposes that those very attributes of neoclassical microeconomics that raise serious theoretical misgivings constitute the basis for the current hegemony of the standard undergraduate textbook. It further discusses the effects of the standard text...
IERI Working Papers
This paper looks at the relationship between organised labour, the state and private enterprises within the context of the governance of the national system of innovation. In general, from the triple-helix model organised labour may be seen as the missing link, mostly due to its perceived and often actual adversarial relationship with private enterprise and with the state. The paper...
Many social and natural scientists would agree with the conclusion that humanity is at a point of self-inflicted crisis. Of special significance is how we frame the crisis and, relatedly, what we understand to be its root cause. Framing is an act of diagnosis which suggests possible remedies. This paper argues that the current framings of the crisis – though accurate – are insufficient. The...
Economic and scientific discourse is often framed in a neutral language where women largely become invisible. However, the discourse remains male coded with its focus mainly on male coded production. Mainstreaming gender particularly in the analyses of innovation systems can improve the development of science technology and innovation policies. More significantly, a gender perspective shifts...
Globally about 2.5 billion people do not have access to improved sanitation and 1.1 billion practice open defecation. Being seen practicing open defecation can provoke the greatest form of embarrassment. In particular, open defecation symbolises an embedded form of marginalisation especially in remote rural villages where latrines are often restricted to village elites. That is, rural...
The main aim of this paper is to develop the concept of viability as a general theoretical framework for the assessment of systems of innovation, defined broadly, at three main levels of aggregation – the national, the sub-national and the supra-national.
This paper attempts a conceptual framework for innovative entrepreneurship (‘innovapreneurship’). Nowadays, the term entrepreneurship is used very broadly, so much so that its essence may become lost. Even people who get business from the state have jokingly been referred to as ‘tenderpreneurs’. However the original construct of an entrepreneur from the Schumpeterian perspective was that of a...
Abstract
This paper examines the contending views on the concept of capabilities, counterpoising the neoclassical definition of human capital, and the neoliberal appropriation of this concept, to the broader human capabilities conceptualisation of the role of people in economic systems. This argument is developed within the framework of the systems of innovation approach to economic...
This paper traces the development of thought on the economics of innovation from perspective of discourse formations in order to assess the placement of the system of innovation approach in economic theory. In order to do this, a genealogical approach is used in order to chart the development of the study of innovation within an evolutionary perspective, in relation to the evolution of liberal...
Micro financing is perceived to contribute towards poverty reduction by developing small enterprises. We examined the Challenging the Frontiers of Poverty Reduction (CFPR) programme implemented by the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) between 2002 and 2007. We selected this case because it used a different approach of micro financing where assets were transferred rather than cash...
In this paper an attempt will be made to identify what has been explicitly recognised as central and peripheral within the systems of innovation concept; the inclusion or exclusion of the factors that are important in understanding the political economy of innovation systems; the themes, issues and range of actors and spaces that must be included in NSI types of appreciative theory or...
Whenever people think of FDI flows, the traditional assumption is that the investment flows from MNCs in the developed economies to either other developed economies and/or to the developing world. Now, a new trend has emerged owing to the process of globalisation. That is, FDI from the emerging and developing economies such as China, India, South Africa and Brazil is flowing to both developed...
The research question we wish to investigate is the degree to which different countries with differing levels of NSI strength and weakness cope in mitigating some of the adverse impacts of the recession. In general during the recession confidence declines or what Keynes calls the „animal spirit‟. Creative destruction is heightened as firms destroyed need to find other ways of recreating their...
The innovation systems literature has provided a useful framework to analyse the linkages of firms and other organisations with both domestic and foreign actors. Although the concept of innovation systems was originally developed at the national level (Freeman, 1982; Nelson & Winter, 1982; Lundvall, 1985; Nelson, 1988, etc), the literature has expanded rapidly over the years. Since its...
In many extant analyses of the impact of non-reciprocal system of trade preferences it is typical to focus on the details of market access value of tariff concessions as explanation for why export of beneficiaries’ products may or may not respond to incentives. Very often the role that supply-related factors can and do play in the process is relegated to the background. This paper argues that...
This is the first part of our three part comparative study of Technology Business Incubators (TBIs) in China and India. For this we employ the integrative framework developed by Mian (1997) and its adaptation to analyzing the performance of TBI, which uses three sets of variables for analysis: management and operational policies, services, and performance outcomes of TBI. The determinants we...
This paper uses the concepts of means of innovation and modes of innovation to introduce an alternative approach to the understanding of the evolution of the South African system of innovation. Modes of innovation are defined in terms of ownership and control patterns of the means of innovation, as well as the role played by human capital. The relationship between ideology and modes of...
Despite attempts to induce regional competitiveness in industrial manufactures, poor productivity performances continue to plague the ability of African entrepreneurs to compete successfully in international markets. While many plausible explanations can be put forward to explain this failing, we argue in this paper that an analysis of the social and institutional context within which these...
The intellectual assets underpinning the modern knowledge economy are not normally associated with activities in the primary sector. This raises the question whether resourcebased developing countries are eternally relegated to the Also-Runs in global competition or at least whether they need to disassociate themselves from their economic mainstay in order for catch-up to materialise. The...
This paper is a contribution to the discussion on Innovation for Development. It is argued that innovation strategies in developing countries are the result of competing policy and contextual factors. In exploring this theme, it suggests that innovation strategies which are shaped by domestic market and policy realities are more robust and contribute towards improving the country-level...
The paper illustrates the role of political and social dynamics upon technological change. Examining dynamics transforming excavation practices on South Africa’s goldmines, it describes how a technology that opened up a range of social and economic opportunities became a constraint on those opportunities. This technology’s development and diffusion thereby established a critical precedent in...
The problem of rural poverty, unemployment, lack of incomes, and marginalization has become an important area of policy in practice in South Africa. More specifically, employment is seen as an important policy instrument through which the marginalized rural inhabitants can enter and participate in the broader national economy. It is not surprising, therefore, that this area of policy concern...
The ability to absorb and use effectively FDI flows by countries to enhance their national productive systems is directly related to the degree of functioning of an economy’s national innovation system. We develop a heuristic NSI-FDI framework that proposed three types of NSIs (well functioning/strong, relatively well functioning, and weak) in relation with three types of corresponding FDI...
This paper is a contribution to the discussion about globalisation, democracy and development. It proposes revisiting the current multilateral architecture for economic growth and development whilst simultaneously encouraging greater coherence, cooperation and coordination amongst the countries of Southern Africa. Competing conceptual definitions, contextual histories and performance data...
Selected Books, Chapters and Reports
This chapter applies a “modes of innovation” approach to the understanding of the evolution of two national systems of innovation in Africa...
...
This paper looks at the conditions which will determine the engagement of the four IORA member countries in sub-Saharan Africa - Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique and South Africa – with the other economies in the association. These four countries are not viewed in isolation from other African economies, given the increasing importance of the regional economic agreements which link them to the rest...
This volume analyses the co-evolution of inequality and NSI across the BRICS economies. It reveals the multi-dimensional character of inequality, in going beyond its income aspect to include assets, access to basic services, infrastructure, knowledge, race, gender,...
This volume looks at the relationship between small and medium enterprises and national systems of innovation across the BRICS countries. It brings to fore crucial issues in the evolution and future trends of industrial or innovation policies for small...
‘This book brings together original contributions from world leading experts on innovation indicators and is unique in several respects. First, the focus is upon innovation in terms of commercialized products and processes and not on secondary indicators of research or patenting. Second, it combines academic perspectives with user perspectives from industry and international organizations....
This book offers a novel approach to the analysis of the role of transnational corporations in the national systems of innovation of the BRICS economies — Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa — and captures the institutional and policy dynamics that...
This book analyses the role of innovation financing in the BRICS countries — Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa — through a national systems of innovation approach, and captures the institutional and policy dynamics that have determined their location in the new ordering of the global political economy...
This five volume set examines various aspects of the BRICS economies from a national system of innovation perspective. Original and detailed data together with expert analyses by contributing authors on wide-ranging issues make this an invaluable resource for researchers and scholars in economics,...
In recent years, the need to address social and environmental challenges has grown in urgency. Climate change, global health, food security and many other global challenges cross national borders and affect a wide range of actors. Yet, in most cases, single governments cannot provide effective solutions. Global challenges call for co-operation on a global scale to build capacity in...
Conventional approaches to local development have not been successful in eradicating poverty, unemployment, and inequality. These challenges continue to face policy makers and development practitioners in South Africa. More specifically, it has become clear that at the global level, there are structural differences between the global North and the global South. What makes sense in the North...
The main objective of the ERAWATCH Analytical Country Reports 2010 is to characterise and assess the evolution of the national policy mixes in the perspective of the Lisbon goals and of the 2020, post-Lisbon Strategy. The analysis is focused on the national R&D investments targets, the efficiency and effectiveness of national policies and investments into R&D, the articulation...
The Institute for Economic Research on Innovation (IERI) at TUT celebrates five years, and with this, an achievement of having provided research, capacity building, and community engagement. The latter forms part of the strategic direction of our University in caring for the underprivileged, the upliftment of people and the economic and social development of the Southern African region.
This evaluation assesses progress towards achieving the expected outcomes of Strategic Programme Objective 4, and how progress might be enhanced through improving programme policy, design and delivery.
Innovation drives long-term economic growth. It has a crucial role to play as global economies recover from the current financial crisis. This book examines the role of innovation in developing countries, with a focus on Africa. It investigates innovation systems and their application; the key role of knowledge in innovation for development; and the importance of comparable country studies and...
Innovation provides a path to sustainable growth but a strategy for innovation in a global economy is no longer national. Countries must attract people and investment from abroad and participate in world markets and institutions. This book starts with the language and system framework used to discuss innovation, and the statistical indicators needed to describe the activity. It then looks at...
For the foreseeable future, reducing poverty in Africa will depend largely on stimulating agricultural growth. Within agriculture, a powerful driver of growth is commercial agriculture. Commercial agriculture can develop along a number of pathways, yet many developing regions have not progressed very far along any of these. African agriculture continues to lag, as reflected in the erosion...
South Africa's forestry value chain reflects a legacy of historical import-substituting industrialisation policies. It is a resource-based set of activities with significant local value and international competitiveness.
There are many similarities between the administrations (and the political histories) of Olusegun Obasanjo and Umaru Yar’ Adua, the current president of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Obasanjo was snatched from the jaws of death after he had been imprisoned by the most brutal dictator in Nigeria’s history.
The purpose of the Africa Emerging Markets Forum is to discuss the continent’s economic and social challenges and to share ideas for better results on the ground. This paper focuses on the performance and potential contribution of agriculture development, first looking at the current constraints and then setting out some suggestions for the way forward.
Over the past 50 years, the...
Innovation provides a path to sustainable growth but a strategy for innovation in a global economy is no longer national. Countries must attract people and investment from abroad and participate in world markets and institutions. This book starts with the language and system framework used to discuss innovation, and the statistical indicators needed to describe the activity. It then looks at...
The prospects of the aerospace industry in South Africa: the skills gap
Aerospace is a very diverse industry, with a multitude of commercial, industrial and military applications. In South Africa, aerospace activities include those surrounding defence, civilian aviation, aeronautics and space.
The third mission encompasses all activities of universities beyond their first and second missions, education and research. An analysis of various countries with different economic, political and geographic features reveals an increased demand for such activities in particular with regard to technology transfer, but also as to the support of the civil society in more general terms. Therefore...
The objective in this paper is to review the technology stations program at Tshwane University of Technology. The technology stations are a product of the Department of Science and Technology (DST) policy objectives. The DST's policy is aimed at strengthening and expanding mutually beneficial links between universities of technology and small, medium-sized and micro enterprises (SMMEs). The...
There is an extensive historiography of Africa’s mineral resource endowment, but it has largely neglected the innovative capacity resulting from those resources. This article reduces that gap through an analysis of the system of innovation that developed in Southern Africa around the Kimberley diamond deposits. After a brief review of the systems of innovation concept, attention turns to...
The two time-honoured tasks of universities are teaching and research which have long provided society with specific skills and new knowledge and ideas. Expectations have increased exponentially and demands are originating from a much wider range of stakeholders. Universities are now given progressively more important roles in economic expansion, social development, better forms of political...
In this book, Mario Scerri provides the reader with a novel and sweeping rendition of South Africa's economic history from the early part of the twentieth century to the present. He applies a broad innovation systems approach to this history spanning the period from 1916, which saw the drafting of South Africa's first Science and Technology plan to the first fourteen years of the post-...
South Africa remains one of the world's largest producers of gold, despite the majority of its deposits being several kilometres below the surface. In the late 1960s the depth of the gold deposits motivated the Chamber of Mines Research Organisation (COMRO), the industry's cooperative research institute, to undertake research and development of alternative technologies to extract the gold-...
This paper is the first part of a larger project which includes other collaborators and that aims to construct a framework of the policy imperatives and challenges that have implications for the performance and success of the Technology Innovation Agency. This larger project will assess the performance of the agency in terms of creating public value (Moore, 1995) and examine any unintended...
This paper examines the contribution of small business incubators to the development and promotion of small medium and micro enterprises. The International Labour Organization argues that small business incubators are innovative instruments that are increasingly considered to be of prime importance in developing and promoting competitive small firms. The location of technology stations at...
The re-drawing of the provincial map in South Africa after the collapse of apartheid had to address the spatial economics that had emerged within the peculiar frame of reference of apartheid. The main parameters of this planning context had been the creation of homelands, or bantustans, as independent political economies and the containment of black labour within townships close to, but...
We undertake this task in a period of optimism about the prospects for Africa and for African agriculture. Per capita economic growth is now above three percent, and per capita agricultural growth above 1 percent. Armed conflicts are down to five from 15 in 2003. Democracy has advanced significantly. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) now has faster progress in its business environment than the Middle...
In the knowledge economy, knowledge and technological innovations are increasingly becoming the driving forces behind economic and social development. Within this framework, the critical challenge lies in the identification of sources for further growth; particularly within the small enterprise economy. The aim of this article is to examine the links between knowledge, innovation and small...
The intensified pace of scientific advancements and technological progress reflected in newspaper headlines around the world today is related to the unprecedented and ever-accelerating speed of knowledge creation, accumulation and depreciation.
It is widely accepted that innovation is key to economic growth. Countries where research and innovation are high on the national agenda are best suited to prosper in the knowledge-based economy. Conversely, countries whose economies are mainly dependent on natural resources and basic industries tend to lack competitiveness and flexibility in adapting to changing global trends. The...
This book emerged from the seminar on the Measurement of Innovation Activities in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)and non-OECD countries held in South Africa in 2001. The motivation for that forum was the recognised need to address a new exciting phenomenon in the area of economic policy formulation.
This paper is a synthesis of the July 2005 Development Report published by the Development Bank of Southern Africa, Human Sciences Research Council and United Nations Development Programme (DBSA, HSRC and UNDP). The Report asks why, if the origins of economic dualism are rooted in the cheap, forced, migrant labour introduced by the mining industry and reinforced during apartheid, does dualism...
Technology and innovation are commonly viewed as integral to sustained industrial development. This chapter draws on literature on the relationship between technology and economic development and discusses contemporary science, technology and innovation policy in South Africa.
“The impressive advances of information and communication technologies (ICT) in some Asian countries have led some people to proclaim a fundamental change in the world economy. It is essential still to study the experience of developing countries thoroughly and critically. The authors and editors have made an admirable contribution to make such an evaluation and fill a big gap in our knowledge...
South Africa enters its second decade of freedom as a united, non-racial and nonsexist democracy. Centuries of foreign colonial rule and decades of apartheid colonialism had impacted on the political economy and the socio-economic fabric of the country. The resultant racial, gender and spatial imbalances, largely recognised as legacies of an abhorrent past, persist albeit in diminishing forms...
The formulation of the concept of a national innovation system (NIS) emerged from an evolutionary account of the economics of technological change that had arisen in opposition to the established neoclassical orthodoxy. The principal defining feature of the new paradigm was its emphasis on specificities as opposed to the universality assumed the the neoclassical account of technological change...
Better information is the key to higher levels of innovation in SA. Statistics, indicators and indices tell us that SA can be categorised as an emerging economy.
This paper starts with incredulity first. Whilst doing some research for this paper, I came across members of the top political elite from Zaire to Nigeria often taken as ‘kleptocrat extraordinaire’ to be also in the forefront in denouncing rent-seeking and corruption with an equal ‘extraordinaire’ flair and completeness at the same time. Some might ignore their stance as cynical and self-...
Malawi needs to focus on exports to maintain and broaden its current inspiring levels of economic growth. Consequently, the focus of future policy should be on reforms that improve competitiveness in global and regional markets. This does not require a fundamental shift in direction, but it does require a rebalancing of policy and expenditures to support an outward oriented development...
Universities are expected to produce graduates that are globally competitive while remaining locally relevant. The third mission in South Africa is an important instrument through which the Tshwane University of Technology attempts to remain locally relevant. In particular, the technology stations programme is aimed at strengthening and expanding the mutually beneficial links between...
Sanjaya Lall has grappled with the dilemmas of development by concentrating his life-long research on technology, international trade, manufacturing and industrial development largely but not exclusively in the developing world. He constructed taxonomy on low technology; resource based products, medium technology intensive and high tech intensive products and tried to measure the challenges,...
Harnessing science and technology and fostering innovation has become imperative to address underdevelopment and poverty particularly in the developing world. This is increasingly so in the context of globalised and knowledge economy. AJSTID is a multi-disciplinary and refereed international journal. As there is no journal with special focus on science, technology, and innovation in Africa,...
This article re-reads Ngugi wa Thiongo as a proponent of an interesting theory of African agency, cultural empowerment and linguistic re-inscription. This crucial aspect of his work deserves to be more rigorously studied because of its singularity in contemporary times and in the field of African studies and also due to the subtle reformulations it has undergone in the face of often dramatic...
The liberation of South Africa from white minority apartheid rule formally ended the formal political decolonisation of Africa as a whole. South Africa has the biggest economy in Africa, in fact 30 % of the economy of Africa as a whole. Its own size relative to other economies is no larger than that of the economy of Hong Kong, but when looked at in relation to Africa it has a very big economy...
Current efforts to explain the implications of China’s growing economic attractiveness for development in other regions provide a framework that distinguishes between complimentary and competitive impact. From the perspective of competitive impact analysis its direct trade related manifestation arguably remains the least investigated to date. Focusing on the experience of sub-Saharan Africa,...
Central to the peculiarities of the evolution of modern higher education, research and knowledge in Africa, is the lack of indigenous authenticity and identity. This is in spite of historical records which show that, before Africa’s subjection to the colonial technology of rule, there were recorded histories of indigenous higher learning in Timbuktu and other parts of Africa. This higher...
When Muchie and Lundvall initiated the international conference ‘African Systems of Innovation and Competence Building’ March 2001 in Aalborg the intention was to reexamine the problems of African development by mobilising the scholarship on innovation systems. The major objective was to respond to academic and analytical questions: what lessons could be drawn from applying the innovation...
The Helsinki Process on Globalisation and Democracy is in search of novel and empowering solutions to the dilemmas of global governance and offers a forum for open and inclusive dialogue between important stakeholders.
Central to the peculiarities of the evolution of modern higher education, research and knowledge in Africa, is the lack of indigenous authenticity and identity. This is in spite of historical records which show that, before Africa’s subjection to the colonial technology of rule, there were recorded histories of indigenous higher learning in Timbuktu and other parts of Africa. This higher...
Presentations and Other
Tshwane University of Technology (TUT), along with Stellenbosch University, is co-host to the Centre of Excellence (CoE) in Scientometrics and...
After nearly two decades since the ending of apartheid colonialism, poverty, unemployment, inequality, and environmental degradation remain persistent problems. In seeking to improve the quality of life for all its inhabitants, South Africa must also reduce poverty, create employment, and redress widening inequalities. Both at national and provincial levels, policy development aims to enhance...
19 years into democracy and we still have huge challenges of development:
- Poverty
- Unemployment
- Inequality
Rural development
Goods-producing sectors (i.e. Agriculture, forestry & fishing, Mining, Manufacturing) accounted for 25.5% of overall economic activity (GDP) in 2011, compared to 32% in 2002.
Building a community of innovation scholars will promote locally relevant research and policy, say Bitrina Diyamett and Erika Kraemer-Mbula.
Africa has made remarkable progress in building capacity in natural and engineering sciences over the past decade. The endorsement of...
- Introduction
- Periodisation of Revolution & Reform
- Policy, Planning & Budgeting Cycles
- Performance Monitoring & Evaluation
- Reflections & Challenges
Concluding remarks:
- South Africa’s economy is largely driven by cities
- Towns and cities serve as concentrations of economic activity within the national spatial economies
- Economies of scale
- Specialised business services
- Infrastructure
- 71% of population live in cities and towns, particularly along the coast, Gauteng, and Limpopo and...
- Policy context
- Local Innovation
- Africa Agenda in the Ten Year Innovation Plan
- Regional Integration
World Crises of the 3rd Millennium
- Social inclusion sustains dynamic domestic market
- de-mystifying the need to dissociate andantagonize economic and social policies
- Robust banking system not exposed to problematic assets
- Investment growing above consumption Several investment opportunities:
Oil & Gas, Energy, Infrastructure, PAC...
- Geo-physical Context
- Socio-political History
- Political Economy
- Policy: Revolution & Reform
- Contemporary Challenges
Introduction
- Institute for Economic Research on Innovation
- We undertake research that seeks to promote sustainable economic growth, social development and political democracy
- We are centrally concerned with evidence-based policy research
- We believe that academics should not only interpret the world without doing anything to change it
- Background...
Development policies in the second decade of the Third Millennium
- crises and emergence of a new accummulation regime
- financiarization and the emphasis on liquidity, short termism and on financial performance parametres
- individualism and implosion of the process of negotiation and coordination of policies among the different areas and scales of government
- ...
- Concurrent crisis's all emanate from the current mode of production and consumption, waste, and environmental degradation
- Accelerated distribution through neo-liberal globalisation
- Hegemonic World System, Unilateralism & State violence
- Exchanging experiences: similarities and differences between Brazil and South Africa
- Important lessons from the LIPS
2.1. Methodological lessons
2.2. Policy lessons - Ongoing questions
In no country in the world is social and economic development and potential evenly distributed & it is not possible for social and economic development & potential to be distributed evenly across geographic space.
Diverse and disparate spatial contexts suggests that policy design must be informed by the specific conditions in particular areas ‐ a policy approach which itself...
- Economic growth - development programmes - seek to improve the quality of life of the general population
- Rising rates of change
- unaccompanied by any significant improvement in most of the indicators of human development & 'jobless growth'
- Growing gap between Africa, & especially sub-Saharan Africa, and most of the rest of the world in...
Outline
- Profession and professional
- Rise of information age and professionals
- Indigenization
- South Korea, Japan, Germany, Afrikaners in South Africa
- Thought leadership
- Local as sub-national
- Concluding remarks
- Introduction
- Socioeconomic Methodologies in AF Technology Adoption
- Methodologies in Economic Analysis of AF
- Methodologies in Environmental Analysis of AF
- Methodologies in Household Constraints and Adoption of AF
- Methodologies in Macroeconomic and Institutional Analysis of AF
- Selected Methodologies in this Study and...
- What main elements and patterns can be observed and described as defining a township socio-economy in South Africa?
- How has conventional LDA approached and defined these township socio-economies?
- What differences or gaps exist between the township socio-economy observations and the LDA representations?
- How can the systems of innovation approach contribute to (...
- Energy is the nucleus of any development in the world
- Every development owes its being to energy
- If the world’s economy expands to meet the aspirations of countries around the globe, energy demand is likely to increase
- Because of that energy is considered as the life-blood of every development in the world
Outline of the oral presentation:
- Introduction and background of study
- Research problem
- Research objectives
- Methods and materials
- Results of study
- Recommendations
- Limitations of study
- Introduction Theoretical Frame work
- Rationale for the Study
- Objectives of the Study
- Research Methodology
- Data gathering and Administration
- Focus Group Comments and Recommendations
- Conclusion
- To assess the current level of efficiency in the collection and disposal of solid waste produced by the 7 categories of waste in the CBD of Pretoria.
- To identify factors that are responsible for the inefficient management and disposal of solid waste produced by the 7 categories of waste in the CBD of Pretoria.
- Construct a model that could be used for improving efficiency...
"This realignment of the world economy is not a transitory phenomenon, but represents a structural change of historical significance" (OECD, 2010).
Global Geo-Political Regime Transformation
- Market Dogma & Neo-liberalismNew Public Management ...
- Participation literature includes a plethora of undefined terms due to different value systems or mental models which has given it a variety of meanings based on ones values.
- Degree: Involvement, Influence, Control decision-making process
- All these should lead to facilitation of communication and engagement of citizens in problem solving
- There is a growing interest in the influence of growth poles on development in other regions
- The phenomenon itself does not represent anything new
- Since the advent of interactions among nations there have been development consequences for participants
- For much of recent history, these developments were driven by the trio of Europe, US and Japan
- Current...
- "Africa is very poorly represented in the space science. Space technology is advancing at an increasing pace, yet most African countries lack the human, technical and financial resources to utilise existing space-based infrastructure for even the most basic applications in meteorology, communications and natural resource management". (NEPAD, 2006:45).
- Funds invested on...
- Tourism targeted as one of the key sectoral drivers for economic development and transformation in South Africa
- Rogerson, 2004
- Tosun, 2002
- Ferreira and Harmse, 2000
- Rivette-Carnac, 2006).
- Archer, 1995
- Henry and Deane, 1997
- Introduction
- Innovation and Development
- Generation
- Acquisition & Assimilation
- Diffusion
- Constraints & Enablers
- Coordination
- Contemporary Context
- Connectedness
- Economic Participation
- Health & Gross Domestic Product
- Research & Development...
The purpose of this paper is to re-examine the role that benchmarking can play in rural and agricultural innovations. Although generally known as ‗traditional sectors‘, rural activities are far from static but rather driven by old and new challenges pleading for innovative responses. Despite the broad range of insights from the burgeoning literature on innovation systems during the last decade...
Conclusions
- Africa’s inclusive development and growth depends on agriculture especially in rural areas
- Productivity and economic opportunity are highly variable across sub-national regions
- But, the reliance on access to capital and globalized markets means that these opportunities are likely to be captured by large-scale private enterprises
- Africa’s...
Introduction
- The thesis focus on iks in SA and Zim and how it is applicable to modern day agri-business activities
- People are deprived from applying what they know in agri-businesses
- The motive of this research is on the application of iks in African agricultural businesses towards the production of a complete product for Africa
- There is...
- Overview insights of biofuels
- Problem statement
- Objectives of the study
- Research Hypothesis
- Research methodology
- Findings and discussion
- Recommendations and conclusion
- For meaningful adaptation to and mitigation of climate change,
- Information and knowledge - essential
- If rural households, communities have access to information,
- it will enhance their awareness; adaptation and mitigation capacity
- How do we enhance climate change awareness?
- There are various ways in which...
Science and technology have driven huge leaps in knowledge, powering economic and social development around the world. As a result, the last decades have witnessed the fast and profound transformation of our natural, social and productive environments. However, the benefits of such profound changes have been unevenly distributed. Uneven development is manifest in unequal access to knowledge,...
Outline of oral presentation:
- Introduction and background of study
- Objectives of study and research questions
- Literature review
- Construction Industry Development Board
- Study design, sample size and sampling techniques
- Results of data analysis
- Recommendations
- Introduction
- History
- Post-apartheid Reform
- Sector and System Characteristics
- Innovation System Performance
- Conclusion: Enduring Challenges For Higher Education & the Innovation System
Outline
- Introduction
- Innovation strategies in the OECD and in the European Union
- What is innovation?
- Innovation systems
- OECD Innovation Strategy (IS)
- IS Products - 2010 Key findings
- Empowering people
- Unleashing innovation in firms
- Creating and applying knowledge
- Applying...
My PhD supervisor Professor Freeman, in the Foreword to our book: Putting Africa First said: “Especially at this time of global economic instability, this work is needed more than ever to protect science and education from inept and misdirected programmes of ’structural adjustment’ and to put the last first. Then the stone that the builders rejected may indeed become the cornerstone of the...
Innovation and innovation policies are important, as they have been linked to growth, and growth is needed to pay for social services and to pay back the bailouts resulting from the recent financial crisis. In fact, the financial crisis was a direct result of innovation in financial services. Monetized debt instruments were brought to the market as new, or significantly improved, products, a...
The Main Steps
- Clarification of terms
- The basic argument
- Design-and-Engineering in innovation systems
- D & E capabilities in developing countries
- D & E: a core component of innovation systems?
- D & E activities widely neglected in policy
- Building D-&-E Capabilities on Africa
As of today, the 6th of May 2010, we share the world with at least 6,819,184,140 other human beings (US Census Clock Widget1). Can I encourage you to participate in a mind experiment; and normalise that rather large number to just 100 people.
Let me start by congratulating the Institute for Economic Research on Innovation on its fifth anniversary, an important milestone if one considers that, in business terms, passing the three and a half year mark mean that you have made it beyond start-up. This is no mean feat.
The contribution of innovation to social and economic progress of developing countries is widely recognised. Governments and other actors are actively seeking to increase the firms' ability to deliver successful innovation to multiple sectors, particularly those related to emerging technologies - such as ICTs.
There were a number of options in the naming of this institute whose anniversary wen have gathered here today to celebrate. This was due to the nature of our object of analysis, innovation, where a number of disciplines intersect and where, therefore, a strong degree of multi-disciplinarity is called for.
It is with delight that I accepted to give some few remarks at the launch of the book “Innovation and the Development Agenda” edited by our two sisters of Africa: Dr Erika Kraemer-Mbula (Equatorial Guinea) and Dr Watu Wamae (Kenya).
I have followed the short history of IERI from the very beginning and I am impressed by
- The scientific and policy related output
- The international positioning in global networks
Thank you chairperson, Honourable Deputy Minister, our Vice Chancellor and Principal, all protocols observed, ladies and gentlemen.
My name is Lindile Ndabeni. I work here at this Institution as one of the staff members. As Rasigan has correctly pointed out, indeed our work seek out new answers to a number of problems that we experience as a locality, as a province, as country, and a...
- Context setting
global interconnected crisis - Water
- Food
- Financial
- Climate-change
- Increased vulnerability, volatility & pressure on resource allocations
Human Progress
-
Theories of Change
- Development & Growth
- Transformation
- Modernisation
- Integration
- Convergence
- Chicago School
- Consensus & Doctrine
- Fundamentalism & Orthodoxies
- Deregulation & Privatisation
- Trade and Capital...
Globalisation
Neo-liberalism
The integrative force of global production, finance and technology has qualitatively changed social relations along with culture, politics and the way we see the world and ourselves.
In managing Gauteng as a global city region it will be important to enhance:
- Alliances with regional universities and research centres
- Boost the regional innovation systems of Gauteng
- Overcome silos in policy making and improve co-ordination in the management of the city region
- Changing international landscape
- Economy Wide Growth And The Bottom Billion
- Agricultural Growth
- Opportunities And Challenges For African ARD
- Key Issues And Opportunities
- National System of Innovation
– Policy – Strategy – Plan - Agency - Higher Education Landscape
- Reform & Qualifications - Sustainable Development
- Challenges
Introduction
- Development Challenges of Post-Apartheid South Africa
Continued Evolution of the NSI
Conclusions
Local Economic Development is important for:
- Growth in Productivity and Competitiveness
- Social Cohesion
- Good governance a.k.a. Accountability
Science Parks contribute to:
- Capacity mobilisation
- Capability formation
- Competency creation
National Systems of Innovation provide the conceptual framework to:
...SA is a lower middle income developing country, an emerging market and society in transition...
Agência FAPESP - Bric é um conceito proposto em 2003 pelo economista norte-americano Jim O’Neill, chefe de pesquisa econômica global do Goldman Sachs, ao reunir em um grupo Brasil, Rússia, Índia e China, países considerados com potencial para se tornar potências econômicas e superar até mesmo os mais ricos do mundo.
The Witwatersrand Basin is an ancient inland sea around 3 billion years old and roughly 350km long by 150km wide
Most of the basin is covered by younger rocks of considerable depth, but tectonics exposed the northern edge
On that edge, in a region know as the Central Rand mining of the Witwatersrand Basin began
- Development of a Hydraulic Mining System
- Research and Development during the COMRO era: A bygone system of innovation
- Towards a Comparative Analysis
- Research, Science & Innovation contributes to increased and expanded performance of institutions, firms & agency
- “core dimension for political prioritisation in improving society’s efficiency in resource use”
- KISS: How, Why, Where & When are important metrics
- Requires a deep understanding of underlying political economy, history...
- Launched by Ministry of Science & Technology in September 2004 based at TUT
- Centre of Excellence in
- Evidence-based Policy Research
- Competency Support
- Capacity Development
- Networking & Knowledge-sharing
- Mandate
- Research & Development Focus Area of Faculty of Economics & Finance
- Knowledge...
- Socio-Economic Development implies continuous improvement in the well-being and standard of living of the people
- SA signed, ratified and acceded to most international human rights and development instruments
- UN Convention on the Rights of the Child
- International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
- Sustainable Development and...
- Evidence-based policy research
- shaping policy from a scientific assessment of phenomena through testing hypothetical explanations of natural and social facts and systems
- Theory from facts...
- Key issues
- Question, evidence, interpretation
- Uncertainty & probability
- Methodological rigour
- Stakeholder sentiment ...
- Introduction
- Evolutionary Political Economy
- Schools of Economic Thought & Innovation
- Critique of Neo-classical Economics
- Evolutionary Political Economy
- National Systems of Innovation
- History
- Current divergent paths
- Policy Matters
- Explicit
- Implicit
- Concluding...
- "While we stand ready to do more, our national circumstances must be acknowledged. Any future commitments for developing countries must be consistent with their capabilities, their sustainable development objectives, and take into account the current structure of their economies...
- Such commitments must ultimately map out a proactive, sustainable and equitable growth path which...
- Context 1
- At all times, communities should be informed of steps taken to address whatever challenges confront them and on process.
- Partnerships should be formed so that the resolution of the problems becomes a collective effort of government and communities
Thabo Mbeki - NCoP - (2004) - Challenges of Local Governance...
Alec Boksenberg, of the UK National Commission for UNESCO, outstanding career as a physicist and astronomer as Astronomer Royal, now Professor of Experimental Astronomy in the University of Cambridge. Has an Asteroid named after him.
Higher education, universities, research, knowledge and training in Africa suffer largely from lack of internal support from the Governments (with a few exceptions) and an external indifference and neglect particularly since the 1980s. Universities in Africa have not come out of the woods yet! In 2003 we wrote a book entitled: Putting Africa First: the Making of African Innovation Systems...
Conference Paper
This paper explores innovation in rural health care systems in remote or marginalised areas where limited public health care is available. To overcome this challenge and satisfy the universal demand for health care, populations in remote rural areas often rely on multiple private providers that deliver services based on various sources of knowledge (both traditional and modern sciences). Rural...